Western Front
The contingent of regular United States troops arriving in France (see May 19th) reaches approximately 14,000 personnel.
Aisne: French capture ‘Dragons’s cave’ near Hurtebise.
Canadian troops advance on a 1.5-mile front southwest of Lens, while British troops carry out raids along a 45-mile front.

Southern Front
Trentino: At 0230 hours surprise Austrian attack by 7 battalions with 103 guns and mortars in close support recaptures all 3 Mt Ortigara heights and repulses 7 Alpini battalions in evening (and on June 26). Italian losses 5,633 men (including c.1,800 PoWs).
Austrian 10cm M10 mountain howitzer in action: https://i0.wp.com/ww2-weapons.com/w...t-how.jpg?ssl=1

Naval and Overseas Operations
Black Sea: The Turkish cruiser Medilli (formerly the German cruiser Breslau) destroys Russian radio station and lighthouse on Fidonisi Island.
Adriatic: Vice-Admiral Cerni becomes Italian Fleet C-in-C under Revel’s supervision.
Britain: Admiralty forms Convoy Section to provide escorts and organize ‘evasive routing’ based on Room 40 intelligence. Room 40 now sending 66 special telegrams per month based on German codes or signals, especially from radio-happy U-boats via 40 British Isles intercept stations (11 later in Mediterranean) which often fix their bearings.

Political, etc
Germany: Recall of German Minister to Norway, consequent on bomb plot. (Bomb plot? What bomb plot? A search revealed this: http://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/5544504 from August, 1917, which states that such was discovered in “July”: I think the paper is in error about the timing, and this incident occurred in June, 1917).
United Kingdom: Young workers at a boiler smith shop at the Royal Naval College at Dartmouth: © IWM (Q 53980): https://twitter.com/CenturyAgoToday...940873823854593
United States: American Red Cross raises $100 million after an 8-day fundraising campaign to prepare for the U.S. entrance into the war.
Spain: Spain institutes martial law to control socialist demonstrations and agitations.
Greece: M. Venizelos returns to Athens and succeeds M. Zaimis as Premier.

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On the kinkometer, my kink measures as a sine wave.

Western Front
Artois: British advance astride Souchez river; La Coulotte occupied. In thunderstorm Canadian Corps begins capture of Avion south of Lens (until June 29).
Frankreich: Advance guard of US 1st Division (‘Big Red One’) lands at St Nazaire, France.
(warning, potentially disturbing): The dying huddled with the dead in Falnders’ fields: https://i2.wp.com/ww2-weapons.com/w...-dead.jpg?ssl=1
British cavalry entering a village near Arras: © IWM (Q 2211): https://twitter.com/CenturyAgoToday...314577934213120

Southern Front
Small Italian withdrawal on Mt. Ortigara.

Naval and Overseas Operations
Pacific, General: 8.5 or 8.4 magnitude earthquake occurs southwest of the Samoan Islands causing widespread damage and a tsunami.

Asiatic and Egyptian Theaters
Persia: Russians take Serdesht.

Political, etc
Germany: von Bethmann-Hollweg discusses peace chances with new Papal Nuncio Eugenio Pacelli (later Pope Pius XII) who sees Kaiser on June 29; Chancellor ready to recognize Belgium under certain conditions.
United Kingdom: Report of Mesopotamia Commission (Vincent-Bingley Medical Report, June 27) published. The report blames India and India Office most for 1915-16 setbacks.
Chancellor of the Exchequer Bonar Law states the war costs Britain £7.752 million daily.

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On the kinkometer, my kink measures as a sine wave.

Western Front
Western Front, General: First Sopwith Camel aerial victory of Royal Flying Corps (with No 70 Squadron first RFC unit to receive fighter, 3 more squadrons receive it July).
Sopwith Camel chasing a Hannover: https://i1.wp.com/ww2-weapons.com/w...nting.jpg?ssl=1
Flanders: German ‘Long Max’ 15-inch gun at Luegenboom fires 55 shells at Dunkirk (24-mile range).
Female ambulance drivers from the British Red Cross at Etaples, France: © IWM (Q 2438): https://twitter.com/CenturyAgoToday...646767461130242

Southern Front
Austrian attack on Agnello pass repulsed.

Naval and Overseas Operations
French cruiser Kléber sunk by (42 lives lost) sunk off Brest by mines from UC-61.
British transport Armadale (3 dead) sunk in Atlantic.

Asiatic and Egyptian Theaters
Egypt: General Edmund Allenby becomes C-in-C EEF replacing Archibald Murray at Cairo.

Political, etc
Germany: Germany announces that Captain Baron Manfred von Richthofen (Red Baron) has shot down his 56th aeroplane yesterday, extending his record.
United Kingdom: British Secretary of State for War Stanley states Britain will not target German cities in reprisal for German attacks on British cities.
United States: U.S. loans to Allied countries pass $1 billion ($20.9 billion today) after it approved new loans to Great Britain and France.
Greece: M. Venizelos assumes power at Athens. Diplomatic relations severed with Germany, Austria-Hungary and Turkey. Declaration of War by Provisional Government against Germany and Bulgaria of November 23rd, 1916, becomes effective for the whole of Greece. "State of War" also begins between Greece and Austria-Hungary and between Greece and Turkey (see 26th).

__________________
On the kinkometer, my kink measures as a sine wave.

Western Front
British advance on two-mile front south of Souchez river. Canadians secure most of Avion; 46th Division clears Hill 65; 15th Infantry Brigade (5th Division) captures position on edge of Oppy Wood under cover of smoke, previous assaults without failed bloodily. The British are now within a mile from Lens.
Germans positions near Oppy carried.
German attack north-west of Verdun; French trenches on Hill 304 captured.
A canteen counter set up inside a hole made by a shell at Blangy-sur-Ternoise: © IWM (Q 5531): https://twitter.com/CenturyAgoToday...704673040515072

Eastern Front
Galicia: Preliminary Russian shelling (including Royal Navy Air Service manned trench mortars) from 0400 hours, bridge behind Brzezany blown up.

Naval and Overseas Operations
The Doxa, a Greek destroyer seized by the French Navy, is attacked and sunk by the German submarine UB-47, resulting in 29 deaths.
German Admiralty orders U-boats to act off France and Italy as well as severing Salonika transport route, neutral ships in British convoys to be treated as hostile (June 30).

Political, etc
Austria-Hungary: Czech Socialist memorandum published.
Thousands demonstrate in Budapest, demanding universal, equal, and secret voting rights.
United Kingdom: Since last year, British artillery shell production has increased 4-fold. Since March 1915, the increase is 28 times.
Lord Northcliffe, head of the British war commission, warns the U.S. against the censorship “blunder” Britain committed early in the war.
New Zealand: In recognition of New Zealand's services, "Governor" changed to "Governor-General".
Canada: Canadian Labour MP Alphonse Verville threatens a general strike if Canada institutes a draft without consent of the people.
United States: U.S. Senate passes a bill for daylight saving time, which will start next year.
U.S. Senate begins debating whether or not to ban the brewing of beer for the duration of the war to conserve wheat.
U.S. marines in Pennsylvania on a train to New York, where they will then be shipped to France: https://twitter.com/CenturyAgoToday...068298569916416

__________________
On the kinkometer, my kink measures as a sine wave.

Western Front
Flanders: British troops take a mile of trenches south of Oppy, and Canadian troops also advance south of Lens and enter Avion.
Verdun: Germans capture trenches on Hill 304, more fighting west of Mort Homme on June 30.
Aisne: German attacks on Chemin des Dames (until July 1) around Cerny.

Eastern Front
Galicia: Russian Summer Offensive begins (see July 18th). Heavy Russian artillery fire begins targeting Austro-Hungarian and German lines in Galicia in preparation for an offensive.
Kerensky order ‘Your C-in-C (Brusilov), beloved through victory, is convinced that each day of delay merely helps the enemy … I call on the Army, fortified by the strength and spirit of the Revolution, to take the offensive’. Russian II Cavalry Corps forces surrender of 1,500 mutineers from 19th Siberian Division at Kolomea.
Alexander Kerensky in his study: https://i2.wp.com/ww2-weapons.com/w...enski.jpg?ssl=1

Southern Front
Trentino: Austrian coy retakes Height 6585 (Porta Maora) by surprise descent during night June 29-30.
Dolomites: Austrian attack repulsed.

Asiatic and Egyptian Theaters
Announcement that General Allenby has arrived in Egypt and assumed command of Allied forces in succession to General Murray.

Political, etc
United Kingdom: Speech by Mr. Lloyd George at Glasgow.

__________________
On the kinkometer, my kink measures as a sine wave.

Western Front
France: General Anthoine in command of French First Army in Flanders delivers signal from Petain to Haig: ‘The [BEF] offensive in Flanders must be an unqualified success particularly because of the present state of [French] morale.’
Germany: Ludendorff only now learns of French mutinies when worst is over.
Canadian troops advance on a 4-mile front south of Lens, while German forces make further advances against French lines at Cerny and Verdun.
French soldiers in a cemetery at the ruined village of Mercatel: © IWM (Q 92697): https://twitter.com/CenturyAgoToday...728893115727873
A ruined church and calvary hill scene at Ablainzeville: © IWM (Q 78076): https://twitter.com/CenturyAgoToday...745246463799297

Eastern Front
Galicia: Heavy artillery action, German reply includes gas. Commander Locker-Lampson sees Kerensky in Southwest Front HQ train ‘Prodigious effort speaking … and making up by personality for … discipline had worn him out’
A German howitzer bombards the Russians: https://i1.wp.com/ww2-weapons.com/w...sians.jpg?ssl=1

Southern Front
Trentino: Italian Sixth Army losses (since June 10) 23,736 (including 12,735 Alpini); Austrian 8828 soldiers. ‘Ortigara Tragedy’ demoralizes Italian line troops.
Salonika: British 60th Division sails for Egypt. French have to force some of 2,500 Russians after leave at Athens to reembark for Salonika.

Naval and Overseas Operations
Allied and neutral shipping losses 286 ships at 674,458t (U-boat official history figure 696,725t including 164,299t in Mediterranean); 2 U-boats lost, 8 commissioned (record 61 U-boats at sea during June).
Shipping forecasts for Controller Sir J Maclay indicate not enough British shipping for import of necessities by December 1 if 300,000t per month lost, but neutral shipping entrances only 20% down on normal thanks to US war entry and much diplomacy. British merchant fleet has lost 2 1/4 million tons not 3 1/2 million tons German Admiral Holtzendorff hoped.
North Sea: During June Royal Navy lay 1,120 mines in southern half.
USA: Shipping Board recruits 41,977 officers and sailors (until June 30, 1920).
A hospital ship docking in Halifax, Canada with wounded soldiers disembarking: https://twitter.com/CenturyAgoToday...426947066638337
East Africa: German forces driven from Nyassaland to the Rovuma border by British and Portuguese.

Political, etc
Russia: Members of the Russian Duma rejects the All-Russian Congress of Soviets’ call for its dissolution.
Soviet delegates leave Russia for Socialist conferences in Stockholm, England, France and Italy.
Greece: New Government severs relations with all Central Powers.
Spain: Neutral Spain re-iterates the ban on all submarines of belligerent powers from entering Spanish waters.

__________________
On the kinkometer, my kink measures as a sine wave.

Western Front
Aisne: Violent bombardment, followed by German attacks in Cerny-Ailles sector (northern Aisne); British claim that German losses are ‘heavy’.
Artois: British 46th Division (First Army) attacks Lievin.
Verdun: French counter-attack northwest of Mort Homme.
Britain claims they took 8,686 German prisoners, 67 artillery guns, 102 mortars, and 345 machine guns on the Western Front in June.
Canadian troops (some wearing captured German helmets) celebrating Dominion Day (now celebrated as Canada Day) in a recently taken village in France: https://twitter.com/CenturyAgoToday...117701204303872

Eastern Front
Galicia: “KERENSKY” OR “SECOND BRUSILOV (SUMMER)” OFFENSIVE (until July 18) on 50-mile front astride Brzezany with 31 infantry divisions and 1,328 guns with objective Lemberg. Seventh Army gains little ground and loses it all to Germans by July 6, but Eleventh Army drives 3-mile wedge between opposing armies at Koniuchy. Russians take 10,429 PoWs and 5 guns for 17,339 casualties.
British soldiers and Russian officers in the trenches in Galicia: © IWM (Q 109746): https://twitter.com/CenturyAgoToday...086243777413120

Southern Front
Austrians very active in the Trentino. Attacks repulsed by Italians.

Naval and Overseas Operations
Britain: 3,000 British merchant ships have guns; 2,180 guns mounted in 1917 only 190 under 12-pounder (3-inch) calibre. ASW depth charge issue doubled to 4,6 by August. 100-300 used per month during 1917 (production 1,678 per month) against U-boats. Bomb or howitzer thrower (most common 7.5in howitzer) begins to equip 542 warships and 735 merchantmen, able to fire 111-113-lb bombs 650-2600 yards astern or broadside on.
Atlantic: First regular eastbound transatlantic convoy sails from Hampton Roads (Virginia), codelettered HH1. Other regular convoys from Canadian Sydney (Cape Breton), Gibraltar and New York. U-boat attack on US troop convoy defeated. Average of U-boats at sea falls to 41 per day.
British War Painting, The Convoy: https://i0.wp.com/ww2-weapons.com/w...onvoy.jpg?ssl=1

Political, etc
Germany: Austrian Emperor Charles state visit to Bavaria and Wurttemberg.
United Kingdom: Announcement in Holland of assurance by Lord Derby that Britain will not strike at Germany through Holland if she remains neutral.
Dadabhai Naoroji, the 2nd Asian man elected as British MP & one of the founders of the Indian National Congress, passed away: https://twitter.com/CenturyAgoToday...820788563243008
Italy: Italian Chamber of Deputies votes 361 to 63 in confidence of the government and its conduct of the war.
Belgium: During July Captain Landau (MI1c) takes over 129-strong La Dame Blanche train watching network and crucially expands it by end-September.
United States: 22 U.S. states now have complete prohibition of liquor, as the Reed amendment prohibits transportation of liquor into a “dry” state.
China: Manchu Emperor Hsuan-Fung restored (see June 6th, 1916 and July 6th and 7th, 1917).
Switzerland: During July Sir Basil Zahroff meets Enver Pasha and Abdal Karim (Colonel Frobenius) in Switzerland and offers $1.5m for Turkey to sign separate peace, but refused.

__________________
On the kinkometer, my kink measures as a sine wave.