Western Front
Third Ypres: bombardment (until July 30) begins: British fire 4,283,550 shells (cost £22,211,389 14s 4d) including 100,000 rounds (250t) of chlorpicrin gas shells at Germans (until July 31); 1,250 gassed (75 deaths). British trench raids.
Verdun: French claim to regain positions northwest of Mort Homme lost during previous 18 days. Unsuccessful German trench raids northwest of Verdun on July 18.
Eastern Front
Galicia: “Kerensky” Or “Second Brusilov (Summer)” Offensive: Russians momentarily hold their positions in Galicia against German counter-thrust.
Political, etc
Russia: Russian ‘July Days’ Rising (until July 19): Justice Ministry documents allege Lenin a German agent (until July 18) as do other sources. 6,000 Kronstadt sailors join Red rising but Cossacks begin charges as troops arrive from Front.
500,000 pro-Bolshevik demonstrators march peacefully in Petrograd, but government troops attack the crowd to disperse it.
Demonstrators flee on Nevsky Prospekt, Petrograd after Russian Provisional Government forces open fire with machine guns:
https://i1.wp.com/ww2-weapons.com/w...ograd.jpg?ssl=1
United Kingdom: Proclamation issued changing name of British Royal House to Windsor from House of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha, due to Anti-German sentiment.
Government reshuffle makes Winston Churchill Munitions Minister; Christopher Addison becomes Minister without Portfolio (essentially, in charge of examining and planning ahead, as far as was possible for post-war economic reconstruction); Carson joins War Cabinet, also as Minister without Portfolio, representing the Unionists in Ireland.
Canada: Resolution in favor of extension of Canadian Parliament passed.
United States: Presidential order drafts 678,000 of June 5 registrees. War Secretary draws first number for draft on July 20.
A Canadian Highlander soldier and an U.S. soldier in New York City for “British Recruiting Week.”:
https://twitter.com/CenturyAgoToday...605136407261185
China: Chinese revolutionary leader Sun Yat-sen arrives in Canton (Guangzhou) to establish a new government in opposition to Premier Duan Qirui.