Western Front
British airplanes conduct a raid on German targets in Belgium, including a chemical factory in Zeebrugge and railways in Ostend.
The mangled remains of the commune of Chaulnes, France: © IWM (Q 78935):
https://twitter.com/CenturyAgoToday...543454586753024
Champagne: German counter-attacks repulsed at Moronvillers.
Eastern Front
Galicia: “Kerensky” Or “Second Brusilov (Summer)” Offensive: German and Austro-Hungarian forces launch counterattacks at Kalusz (Kalush, Ukraine) against Russian lines. Russian withdrawal in Galicia; Kalusz evacuated.
Russia claims the capture of 36,773 prisoners in the first 13 days of the Kerensky offensive.
Southern Front
Salonika: Mutinies in French 57th Division and 2nd Zouaves over lack of leave; General Grossetti dissuades 300 men and 90 others arrested. From August leave parties use new shorter trans-Greece railroad route to Itea (Gulf of Corinth) and Taranto then train to Marseilles. These mutinies were quite similar to the earlier mutinies in the French Army on the Western Front.
Naval and Overseas Operations
North Sea: Harwich Force (8 cruisers and 17 destroyers) capture 4 German steamers from Rotterdam in neutral waters and drive 2 more ashore on Dutch coast (24 German merchant ships sunk on this route in 1917).
Political, etc
Russia: Russian ‘July Days’ Rising (until July 19): According to some sources, this was an abortive part-Trotsky inspired revolt in Petrograd, Lenin returns (17) & calls it off. In actuality, the Bolsheviks initially attempted to prevent the demonstrations and then decided to support them; Lenin went into hiding on the first day, then made a statement the next day, trying to call off the uprising. The uprising started on 16 July with spontaneous demonstrations braking out in Petrograd. They were started by the soldiers of the 1st Machine-gun Regiment, who were influenced by the anarchists. At a secret conference on 15 July the anarchists had decided to summon the workers and soldiers of Petrograd to an anti-government demonstration.
July demonstration in Petrograd. The banner says: ‘Down with the capitalist ministers. All power to the Soviets’:
https://i2.wp.com/ww2-weapons.com/w...ation.jpg?ssl=1
United Kingdom: New Admiralty Planning Section formed under Captain Dudley Pound.
George Bernard Shaw predicts that, “This war will be won in the sky and not in the trenches.”
Japan: Japan blacklists companies in neutral countries that does trade with Germany.
United States: Boys drilling with bayonets at a military training camp for young boys at Peekskill, New York:
https://twitter.com/CenturyAgoToday...574933358370816